Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Ms. lat. 2341

Settlement
Paris
Repository
Bibliothèque nationale de France
Shelfmark
Ms. lat. 2341
Creator of the description
Matthias M. Tischler
Initial encoding
Not specified
Revisions
2024-05-21 (Clara Renedo i Mirambell): Revised encoding and content.
2025-05-12 (Victor Portella i Pahissa): Added content.
Dating
2nd quarter of the 9th c. (843)
Place of origin / provenance
Orléans region
Successive provenance(s)
Santa Maria de Ripoll (?), Le Puy Cathedral
Online catalogues
Archives et manuscrits - BnF
Scans
Scan (colors)
Quote as
Matthias M. Tischler, 'Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Ms. lat. 2341', Carolingian Catalonia Database, <https://ciceronianus.github.io/carolingian.cat/html/pages/manuscripts/paris_bnf_ms_lat_02341.html> [generated on 30 August 2026].

12ra-12va, Sine auctore - Chronica de sex aetatibus mundi

Link to digitization: here.
Here second recension of 809, at the end incomplete and with a piece from Claudius of Turin, Chronicon (see there): Catalogus codicum manuscriptorum 1744a, p. 267 col. a–b, here col. a (“Is codex nono saeculo exaratus videtur”; the text is not identified); LINDSAY 1915, p. 472 (the text is not mentioned); LAUER 1940, p. 416–418, here p. 416; IBARBURU Y ASURMENDI 1987i (the text is not mentioned); BORST 2006, 1, p. 265 sq., here p. 265 (“wurde vor 843 geschrieben, vielleicht im Umkreis von Le Puy, eher in einer weltgeistlichen als einer monastischen Gemeinschaft”; manuscript Pa); BORST 2006, 2, p. 967 sq. (“um Le Puy vor 843”) and p. 971–1008 (edition; manuscript Pa); BORST 2006, 3, p. 1339 and 1342 (manuscript Pa); KEEFE 2012a, p. 309 sq., here p. 309 (“s. IX2/4, Orléans … chronology”); KNIBBS/MATTER 2012, p. XXXIV–XXXVI, here p. XXXV no 2 (“Abreviatio chronicae ubi mittenda sit”); BISCHOFF 2014, p. 70 no 4171 (the text is not mentioned); ALTURO I PERUCHO 2020a, p. 99 (“segle IX i molt possiblement narbonès”; the text is not mentioned). This manuscript came 1681 from Le Puy into Colbert’s library and is mentioned in the inventory of 1681, August 5, Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Ms. lat. 9364, fol. 71r–72v, here fol. 71r under the number 2: DELISLE 1868, p. 511 no 2. Completely erroneous is the statement by MUNDÓ I MARCET 1994, p. 162 n. 152: “És possible que de l’escriptori barceloní de Bonsom, més que no pas de Ripoll … n’hagi sortit el codex misceŀlani patrístic i de còmput (París, BN lat. 2341) copiat al tombant de l’any 1000 aparentment, i emparentat estilísticament i paleográficament amb Escorial, Z.II.2 … que tenen communes les mateixes tiges de separació en forma d’ossos o de bastons vegetals”. Digitization: http://gallica.bnf.fr.

12va-12vb, Claudius of Turin - Chronicon

Link to digitization: here.
Here excerpt after the Chronica de sex aetatibus mundi (see there): Catalogus codicum manuscriptorum 1744a, p. 267 col. a–b, here col. a (“Is codex nono saeculo exaratus videtur”; the text is not identified); PERTZ 1843b, p. 781; LINDSAY 1915, p. 472 (the text is not mentioned); LAUER 1940, p. 416–418, here p. 416 (the text is not identified); IBARBURU Y ASURMENDI 1987i (the text is not mentioned); BORST 2006, 1, p. 265 sq., here p. 265 (“wurde vor 843 geschrieben, vielleicht im Umkreis von Le Puy, eher in einer weltgeistlichen als einer monastischen Gemeinschaft”; manuscript Pa); BORST 2006, 3, p. 1339 and 1342–1349 (“vor 843 geschrieben … vielleicht in der Bischofsstadt Le Puy an der oberen Loire, wo sie später jedenfalls lag”; edition: p. 1345–1349; manuscript Pa); KEEFE 2012a, p. 309 sq., here p. 309 (“s. IX2/4, Orléans … chronology”); KNIBBS/MATTER 2012, p. XXXIV–XXXVI, here p. XXXV no 2 (the text is not identified); BISCHOFF 2014, p. 70 no 4171 (the text is not mentioned); ALTURO I PERUCHO 2020a, p. 99 (“segle IX i molt possiblement narbonès”; the text is not mentioned); WARNTJES 2020, p. 384–386 with n. 5 (“around Le Puy, pre-AD 843”). This manuscript came 1681 from Le Puy into Colbert’s library and is mentioned in the inventory of 1681, August 5, Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Ms. lat. 9364, fol. 71r–72v, here fol. 71r under the number 2: DELISLE 1868, p. 511 no 2. Completely erroneous is the statement by MUNDÓ I MARCET 1994, p. 162 n. 152: “És possible que de l’escriptori barceloní de Bonsom, més que no pas de Ripoll … n’hagi sortit el codex misceŀlani patrístic i de còmput (París, BN lat. 2341) copiat al tombant de l’any 1000 aparentment, i emparentat estilísticament i paleográficament amb Escorial, Z.II.2 … que tenen communes les mateixes tiges de separació en forma d’ossos o de bastons vegetals”.

14ra-135rb, Smaragdus of Saint-Mihiel - Expositio libri comitis

Link to digitization: here.
The prologue (prose) is incomplete: Catalogus codicum manuscriptorum 1744a, p. 267 col. a–b, here col. a (“Is codex nono saeculo exaratus videtur”); DÜMMLER 1879, p. 251 (“s. IX”); DÜMMLER 1881, p. 607 (“saec. IX”; manuscript P); SOUTER 1906, p. 571 (“saec. XI”); SOUTER 1908, p. 585 (“Reichenau … perhaps … the best of all”) and p. 587–597; MANITIUS 1911a, p. 463 (“vor 843 geschrieben”); LINDSAY 1915, p. 472 (the text is not mentioned); SOUTER 1921, p. 73; SOUTER 1922, p. 334 (“saec. IX … from Reichenau?”); LAUER 1940, p. 416–418, here p. 416; GUDIOL I CUNILL 1955, 3, p. 116; STEGMÜLLER 1955, p. 228 sq. no 7695, here p. 229 (“IX; Puy, Chapitre … f. 14–136”); RÄDLE 1974, p. 113 n. 1, p. 121 with n. 70 (“saec. IX1 od. med., wahrsch. In oder im Umkreis von Orléans geschr., fol. 14–136”), p. 135, p. 140 n. 174, p. 151 n. 6, p. 208, 216, 226–228 and 230 sq.; WITTERS 1975, p. 366 with n. 32 and p. 374 n. 32; IBARBURU Y ASURMENDI 1987i, p. 322 (the text is not specified); HAGGENMÜLLER 1991, p. 90 sq. no 40, here p. 90 (“s. IX ... s. IX2/4; Schriftheimat: ... Orléans oder dessen Einflußgebiet”); HEIL 1998, p. 393 (“814/843 … Orléans (Puy)”); BORST 2006, 1, p. 265 sq., here p. 265 (“wurde vor 843 geschrieben, vielleicht im Umkreis von Le Puy, eher in einer weltgeistlichen als einer monastischen Gemeinschaft”); KEEFE 2012a, p. 309 sq., here p. 309 (“s. IX2/4, Orléans”; with the wrong folio-numbers “14r–136r”); KNIBBS/MATTER 2012, p. XXXIV–XXXVI, here p. XXXV no 4; BISCHOFF 2014, p. 70 no 4171; BOSSEMAN 2019, p. 282 with n. 21 (“IXe s., Le Puy ? Provient de Reichenau [!]”); ALTURO I PERUCHO 2020a, p. 99 (“segle IX i molt possiblement narbonès”; the text is not mentioned); BOSSEMAN 2023, p. 137 with n. 13 (“Le Puy ? Provient de Reichenau [!], IXe s.”). This manuscript came 1681 from Le Puy into Colbert’s library and is mentioned in the inventory of 1681, August 5, Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Ms. lat. 9364, fol. 71r–72v, here fol. 71r under the number 2: DELISLE 1868, p. 511 no 2. Completely erroneous is the statement by MUNDÓ I MARCET 1994, p. 162 n. 152: “És possible que de l’escriptori barceloní de Bonsom, més que no pas de Ripoll … n’hagi sortit el codex misceŀlani patrístic i de còmput (París, BN lat. 2341) copiat al tombant de l’any 1000 aparentment, i emparentat estilísticament i paleográficament amb Escorial, Z.II.2 … que tenen communes les mateixes tiges de separació en forma d’ossos o de bastons vegetals”. Digitization: http://gallica.bnf.fr.

158ra-166rb, Alcuin - De fide sanctae et individuae Trinitatis

Link to digitization: here.
Here second edition, belonging to the hyparchetype ζ: Catalogus codicum manuscriptorum 1744a, p. 267 col. a–b, here col. a (“Is codex nono saeculo exaratus videtur”); LINDSAY 1915, p. 472 (the text is not mentioned); LAUER 1940, p. 416–418, here p. 417; HADOT 1954, p. 7 n. 3 and 1, p. 12 n. 1 and p. 13 n. 2 sq.; GUDIOL I CUNILL 1955, 3, p. 116; HADOT 1960, p. 8 n. 7; IBARBURU Y ASURMENDI 1987i, p. 322 (the text is not specified); CAVADINI 1991, p. 125 n. 5 (manuscript P1); MATTER 1996, p. 147 sq. and 152 (“Orléans, 825–50”); JULLIEN/PERELMAN 1999, p. 136 (with the unprecise folio-numbers “158–66”); SZARMACH 1999, p. 404 sq. (“from Chapitre du Puy, IX”); GORMAN 2002a, p. 105; BORST 2006, 1, p. 265 sq., here p. 265 (“wurde vor 843 geschrieben, vielleicht im Umkreis von Le Puy, eher in einer weltgeistlichen als einer monastischen Gemeinschaft”); GANZ 2010, p. 188; MATTER 2010, p. 96–98 and 104 (“c. 9 (843), northern Francia”; manuscript P1); KEEFE 2012a, p. 118 sq. no 169 and p. 309 sq., here p. 309 (“s. IX2/4, Orléans”); KNIBBS/MATTER 2012, p. XXXIV–XXXVI, here p. XXXV no 12 (manuscript P 1); BISCHOFF 2014, p. 70 no 4171; ALTURO I PERUCHO 2020a, p. 99 (“segle IX i molt possiblement narbonès”; the text is not mentioned). This manuscript came 1681 from Le Puy into Colbert’s library and is mentioned in the inventory of 1681, August 5, Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Ms. lat. 9364, fol. 71r–72v, here fol. 71r under the number 2: DELISLE 1868, p. 511 no 2. Completely erroneous is the statement by MUNDÓ I MARCET 1994, p. 162 n. 152: “És possible que de l’escriptori barceloní de Bonsom, més que no pas de Ripoll … n’hagi sortit el codex misceŀlani patrístic i de còmput (París, BN lat. 2341) copiat al tombant de l’any 1000 aparentment, i emparentat estilísticament i paleográficament amb Escorial, Z.II.2 … que tenen communes les mateixes tiges de separació en forma d’ossos o de bastons vegetals”. Digitization: http://gallica.bnf.fr.

166rb-167ra, Alcuin - De Trinitate ad Fredegisum quaestiones XXVIII

Link to digitization: here.
Here second edition, belonging to the hyparchetype ζ: Catalogus codicum manuscriptorum 1744a, p. 267 col. a–b, here col. a (“Is codex nono saeculo exaratus videtur”); LINDSAY 1915, p. 472 (the text is not mentioned); LAUER 1940, p. 416–418, here p. 417; GUDIOL I CUNILL 1955, 3, p. 116; IBARBURU Y ASURMENDI 1987i, p. 322 (the text is not specified); MATTER 1996, p. 147 sq. and 152 (“Orléans, 825–50”); JULLIEN/PERELMAN 1999, p. 151 (with the unprecise folio-numbers “166–7”); SZARMACH 1999, p. 404 sq. (“from Chapitre du Puy, IX”); GORMAN 2002a, p. 105; BORST 2006, 1, p. 265 sq., here p. 265 (“wurde vor 843 geschrieben, vielleicht im Umkreis von Le Puy, eher in einer weltgeistlichen als einer monastischen Gemeinschaft”); GANZ 2010, p. 188; MATTER 2010, p. 96–98 and 104 (“c. 9 (843), northern Francia”; manuscript P1); KEEFE 2012a, p. 98 sq. no 106 and p. 309 sq., here p. 309 (“s. IX2/4, Orléans”); KNIBBS/MATTER 2012, p. XXXIV–XXXVI, here p. XXXV no 12 (manuscript P 1); BISCHOFF 2014, p. 70 no 4171; ALTURO I PERUCHO 2020a, p. 99 (“segle IX i molt possiblement narbonès”; the text is not mentioned). This manuscript came 1681 from Le Puy into Colbert’s library and is mentioned in the inventory of 1681, August 5, Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Ms. lat. 9364, fol. 71r–72v, here fol. 71r under the number 2: DELISLE 1868, p. 511 no 2. Completely erroneous is the statement by MUNDÓ I MARCET 1994, p. 162 n. 152: “És possible que de l’escriptori barceloní de Bonsom, més que no pas de Ripoll … n’hagi sortit el codex misceŀlani patrístic i de còmput (París, BN lat. 2341) copiat al tombant de l’any 1000 aparentment, i emparentat estilísticament i paleográficament amb Escorial, Z.II.2 … que tenen communes les mateixes tiges de separació en forma d’ossos o de bastons vegetals”. Digitization: http://gallica.bnf.fr.

167rb-169rb, Alcuin - De animae ratione liber ad Eulaliam virginem and Carmen LXXXV

Link to digitization: here.
Here second edition, belonging to the hyparchetype ζ: Catalogus codicum manuscriptorum 1744a, p. 267 col. a–b, here col. a (“Is codex nono saeculo exaratus videtur”); DÜMMLER 1895a, p. 473 (“saec. IX”); LINDSAY 1915, p. 472 (the text is not mentioned); LAUER 1940, p. 416–418, here p. 417; GUDIOL I CUNILL 1955, 3, p. 116; HADOT 1960, p. 8 n. 7; IBARBURU Y ASURMENDI 1987i, p. 322 (the text is not specified); MATTER 1996, p. 147 sq. and 152 (“Orléans, 825–50”); JULLIEN/PERELMAN 1999, p. 123 (with the unprecise folio-numbers “167–9”); SZARMACH 1999, p. 404 sq. (“from Chapitre du Puy, IX”); GORMAN 2002a, p. 105; BORST 2006, 1, p. 265 sq., here p. 265 (“wurde vor 843 geschrieben, vielleicht im Umkreis von Le Puy, eher in einer weltgeistlichen als einer monastischen Gemeinschaft”); GANZ 2010, p. 188; MATTER 2010, p. 96–98 and 104 (“c. 9 (843), northern Francia”; manuscript P1); KEEFE 2012a, p. 309 sq., here p. 309 (“s. IX2/4, Orléans”); KNIBBS/MATTER 2012, p. XXXIV–XXXVI, here p. XXXV no 12 (manuscript P 1); BISCHOFF 2014, p. 70 no 4171; ALTURO I PERUCHO 2020a, p. 99 (“segle IX i molt possiblement narbonès”; the text is not mentioned). This manuscript came 1681 from Le Puy into Colbert’s library and is mentioned in the inventory of 1681, August 5, Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Ms. lat. 9364, fol. 71r–72v, here fol. 71r under the number 2: DELISLE 1868, p. 511 no 2. Completely erroneous is the statement by MUNDÓ I MARCET 1994, p. 162 n. 152: “És possible que de l’escriptori barceloní de Bonsom, més que no pas de Ripoll … n’hagi sortit el codex misceŀlani patrístic i de còmput (París, BN lat. 2341) copiat al tombant de l’any 1000 aparentment, i emparentat estilísticament i paleográficament amb Escorial, Z.II.2 … que tenen communes les mateixes tiges de separació en forma d’ossos o de bastons vegetals”. Digitization: http://gallica.bnf.fr.

204ra-231rb, Sine Auctore - Collectio Dacheriana

Link to digitization: here.
Here form A (?), but without preface: Catalogus codicum manuscriptorum 1744a, p. 267 col. a–b, here col. b (“Is codex nono saeculo exaratus videtur”; the text is not identified); MAASSEN 1866, p. 216 (“s. IX–X”); MAASSEN 1870, p. 848 no 4; MAASSEN 1885, p. 1090–1096 (“saec. X”; manuscript P 2); SCHMITZ 1883, p. 470 and 716 (“saec. IX–X”); SCHMITZ 1898, p. 260; LINDSAY 1915, p. 472 (the text is not mentioned); LAUER 1940, p. 416–418, here p. 417; GUDIOL I CUNILL 1955, 3, p. 116; HAENNI 1956, p. 387 n. 19; HAENNI 1967, p. 5; MORDEK 1969, p. 41 n. 7 no b) (“(9. Jh. 2/4) Orléans“); MORDEK 1975, p. 263 and 511; KOTTJE 1980, p. 50 sq., here p. 50, p. 122 n. 138 and p. 165 sq.; IBARBURU Y ASURMENDI 1987i (the text is not mentioned); HAGGENMÜLLER 1991, p. 90 sq. no 40, here p. 90 (“s. IX ... s. IX2/4; Schriftheimat: ... Orléans oder dessen Einflußgebiet”) and p. 224; MEENS 1994, p. 51 n. 124 and p. 247; KÉRY 1999, p. 89; FIREY 2000b, p. 72 n. 39; KEEFE 2012a, p. 309 sq., here p. 309 (“s. IX2/4, Orléans”); KNIBBS/MATTER 2012, p. XXXIV–XXXVI, here p. XXXV no 16; BISCHOFF 2014, p. 70 no 4171; MEENS 2014, p. 120 n. 89; ALTURO I PERUCHO 2020a, p. 99 (“segle IX i molt possiblement narbonès”; the text is not mentioned). The manuscript is not mentioned by KOTTJE 1965, p. 339 sq. with n. 70; MORDEK 1968, p. 341 n. 7. This manuscript came 1681 from Le Puy into Colbert’s library and is mentioned in the inventory of 1681, August 5, Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Ms. lat. 9364, fol. 71r–72v, here fol. 71r under the number 2: DELISLE 1868, p. 511 no 2. Completely erroneous is the statement by MUNDÓ I MARCET 1994, p. 162 n. 152: “És possible que de l’escriptori barceloní de Bonsom, més que no pas de Ripoll … n’hagi sortit el codex misceŀlani patrístic i de còmput (París, BN lat. 2341) copiat al tombant de l’any 1000 aparentment, i emparentat estilísticament i paleográficament amb Escorial, Z.II.2 … que tenen communes les mateixes tiges de separació en forma d’ossos o de bastons vegetals”. Digitization: http://gallica.bnf.fr.

231rb-233rb, Halitgar of Cambrai - De vitiis et virtutibus et ordine poenitentialium

Link to digitization: here.
Here only Book VI: Catalogus codicum manuscriptorum 1744a, p. 267 col. a–b, here col. b (“Is codex nono saeculo exaratus videtur”; the text is not identified); MAASSEN 1866, p. 216 (“s. IX–X”); MAASSEN 1870, p. 863 no 5; SCHMITZ 1883, p. 470 and 716 (“saec. IX–X” with the wrong folio-numbers “231–234”; manuscript 1); SCHMITZ 1898, p. 257 sq. and 260; LINDSAY 1915, p. 472 (the text is not mentioned); MCNEILL/GAMER 1938, p. 439 (“fragments of Bk. VI”) and 447 (“So-called Roman Penit. (fragments)”); LAUER 1940, p. 416–418, here p. 417; ROCHAIS 1953, p. 252 with n. 1 (“IXe s. (Le Puy, Chapitre)”); GUDIOL I CUNILL 1955, 3, p. 116; KOTTJE 1980, p. 50 sq., here p. 50, and p. 122 with n. 138; IBARBURU Y ASURMENDI 1987i (the text is not mentioned); HAGGENMÜLLER 1991, p. 90 sq. no 40, here p. 90 (“s. IX ... s. IX2/4; Schriftheimat: ... Orléans oder dessen Einflußgebiet”) and p. 224; MEENS 1994, p. 51 with n. 124 sq., p. 63 with n. 180, p. 247 and 515 (“s IX 2/4, Orleans”); MEENS 1998, p. 55; BORST 2006, 1, p. 265 sq., here p. 265 (“wurde vor 843 geschrieben, vielleicht im Umkreis von Le Puy, eher in einer weltgeistlichen als einer monastischen Gemeinschaft”); HARTMANN 2008, p. 76 sq. with n. 95; JULLIEN 2010, p. 364 (with the unprecise folio-numbers “231–3”); KEEFE 2012a, p. 309 sq., here p. 309 (“s. IX2/4, Orléans … penitentials”); KNIBBS/MATTER 2012, p. XXXIV–XXXVI, here p. XXXVI no 17; BISCHOFF 2014, p. 70 no 4171; MEENS 2014, p. 120 n. 89 and p. 235 (“s. IX 2/4, Orléans”); ALTURO I PERUCHO 2020a, p. 99 (“segle IX i molt possiblement narbonès”; the text is not mentioned). This manuscript came 1681 from Le Puy into Colbert’s library and is mentioned in the inventory of 1681, August 5, Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Ms. lat. 9364, fol. 71r–72v, here fol. 71r under the number 2: DELISLE 1868, p. 511 no 2. Completely erroneous is the statement by MUNDÓ I MARCET 1994, p. 162 n. 152: “És possible que de l’escriptori barceloní de Bonsom, més que no pas de Ripoll … n’hagi sortit el codex misceŀlani patrístic i de còmput (París, BN lat. 2341) copiat al tombant de l’any 1000 aparentment, i emparentat estilísticament i paleográficament amb Escorial, Z.II.2 … que tenen communes les mateixes tiges de separació en forma d’ossos o de bastons vegetals”. Digitization: http://gallica.bnf.fr.

252va-257rb, Alcuin - Liber de virtutibus et vitiis

Link to digitization: here.
Here uncomplete: Catalogus codicum manuscriptorum 1744a, p. 267 col. a–b, here col. b (“Is codex nono saeculo exaratus videtur”); LINDSAY 1915, p. 472 (the text is not mentioned); LAUER 1940, p. 416–418, here p. 417; ROCHAIS 1953, p. 251 sq. with n. 4, here p. 252 (“IXe s. (Le Puy, Chapitre”)); GUDIOL I CUNILL 1955, 3, p. 116; SZARMACH 1981; IBARBURU Y ASURMENDI 1987i, p. 322 (the text is not specified); SZARMACH 1989; HAGGENMÜLLER 1991, p. 90 sq. no 40, here p. 90 (“s. IX ... s. IX2/4; Schriftheimat: ... Orléans oder dessen Einflußgebiet”); JULLIEN/PERELMAN 1999, p. 156 (with the unprecise folio-numbers “252v–7”); GORMAN 2002a, p. 105; BULLOUGH 2004, p. 23 with n. 51; BORST 2006, 1, p. 265 sq., here p. 265 (“wurde vor 843 geschrieben, vielleicht im Umkreis von Le Puy, eher in einer weltgeistlichen als einer monastischen Gemeinschaft”); GANZ 2010, p. 187; KEEFE 2012a, p. 309 sq., here p. 309 (“s. IX2/4, Orléans”); KNIBBS/MATTER 2012, p. XXXIV–XXXVI, here p. XXXVI no 20; BISCHOFF 2014, p. 70 no 4171; ALTURO I PERUCHO 2020a, p. 99 (“segle IX i molt possiblement narbonès”; the text is not mentioned). This manuscript came 1681 from Le Puy into Colbert’s library and is mentioned in the inventory of 1681, August 5, Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Ms. lat. 9364, fol. 71r–72v, here fol. 71r under the number 2: DELISLE 1868, p. 511 no 2. Completely erroneous is the statement by MUNDÓ I MARCET 1994, p. 162 n. 152: “És possible que de l’escriptori barceloní de Bonsom, més que no pas de Ripoll … n’hagi sortit el codex misceŀlani patrístic i de còmput (París, BN lat. 2341) copiat al tombant de l’any 1000 aparentment, i emparentat estilísticament i paleográficament amb Escorial, Z.II.2 … que tenen communes les mateixes tiges de separació en forma d’ossos o de bastons vegetals”. Digitization: http://gallica.bnf.fr.